1484: Pope Innocent VIII issues a papal bull that deputizes inquisitors to root out witchcraft in Germany.
1700: Severe influenza epidemic hits the people of Montréal.
1775: U.S. generals Benedict Arnold & Richard Montgomery begin their siege of Quebec.
1837: Upper Canada Rebellion breaks out as Mackenzie leads 800 rebels to Toronto.
1848: In a message to the U.S. Congress, President James Polk confirms large amounts of gold in California.
1967: Dunton and Laurendeau issue First Report of Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism.
2003: Reform Party and Progressive Conservatives vote 95 percent to found the Conservative Party of Canada.