Scientific Work Shows How Corrugated Stops Bacteria

New scientific work now explains why corrugated packaging outperforms returnable plastic containers (RPCs) when it comes to micro-biological contamination. The work, conducted by Professor Rosalba Lanciotti and her research team at the University of Bologna’s Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (Italy) and published in Frontiers in Microbiology, follows a research study published in late June that showed corrugated containers keep fruit and vegetables fresh up to three days longer than RPCs.

Professor Lanciotti’s recent work revealed that microorganisms died much quicker when placed on corrugated surfaces where they get trapped in the paper fibers and die due to a lack of water and nutrients. Conversely, the research showed that microorganisms survive longer on plastic surfaces.

"We’re pleased to see the University of Bologna’s research published in a scientific journal. It reinforces our industry’s commitment to use science in seeking facts about the performance of corrugated packaging," said Dennis Colley, president and CEO of the U.S.-based Fibre Box Association (FBA), Itasca, Ill., USA. "This latest work is important because it explains why corrugated stops bacteria. The ability of corrugated packaging to trap microorganisms and pull them away from fruits and vegetables is a clear sign that produce will arrive fresher and last longer packed in corrugated boxes." 

The study looked at pathogenic microorganisms that could cause foodborne illness and spoiling microorganisms that could affect shelf-life and the quality of fruit. After both corrugated and plastic surfaces were inoculated, the cell loads of the microorganisms were checked over time. 

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that after a few hours, the superficial contamination on corrugated surfaces was much lower than on plastic materials. Corrugated surfaces were able to entrap the microbial cells within their fibers. Once the cells were trapped, researchers observed how they underwent lysis: their cell walls and membrane ruptured, the cytoplasm leaked, and the cell disintegrated. This phenomenon occurred in all of the studied target microorganisms, both pathogenic and spoilage.

By contrast, the SEM images of plastic showed smooth, continuous surfaces unable to trap microorganisms. In addition, the presence of tiny cuts and scratches on the RPC surface can aid the proliferation of microorganisms. Damaged or worn plastic becomes difficult to clean and can easily fill with organic matter that microbial cells feed on to survive and grow.

Tests for both packaging materials were conducted under the same environmental and correct storage conditions.

 

Professor Lanciotti’s recent work and the study published earlier this summer were initiated by the European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers (FEFCO), Brussels, Belgium.

Fibre Box Association is a non-profit trade association representing North American manufacturers of corrugated packaging. The association has been working for more than 76 years to improve the overall well-being of the corrugated industry through programs and services that enable member companies to conduct their business more effectively, responsibly, and efficiently.

 

European Federation of Corrugated Board Manufacturers was established in 1952 and represents the interests of the European Corrugated Board Manufacturers. FEFCO has 17 active members, all European national corrugated packaging organizations. The role of the Federation is to investigate economic, financial, technical, and marketing issues of interest to the corrugated packaging Industry, to analyze all factors which may influence the industry, and to promote and develop its image.